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对于抗日战争时期的中美关系,近十几年来我国学术界进行了较为深入的探讨和研究,现将部分研究情况概述如下,以供参考。 抗日战争时期的中美关系,学术界一般是从以下三个阶段进行分析、评价的。 第一阶段1937年7月到1941年12月,中美关系由淡漠开始走向转机的阶段。 许多学者认为,1937年到1941年间美国对日本和中国执行的是维护本国利益的两面政策。对日本军国主义的侵略行为,一方面进行遏制和抗争,另一方面又实行妥协、姑息,即绥靖。对中国人民的抗日战争,一方面给予同情和一定的援助,另一方面又不积极,甚至企图牺牲中国的部分权益,同日本谋求妥协。分歧在于,哪一方面占主要地位?有的学者认为,绥靖日本,牺牲中国利益占主导地位。另有一些学者认为,遏制日本,援助中国占主导地位。多数学者认为,对于1937年到1941年间美国在中日战争执行的政策还应分阶段来进行考察。1940年9月,德、意、日三国同盟条约签订,促使美国对中日战争的政策发生了重大变化。前一阶段,消极的方面占主导地位;后一阶段,积极的方面占主导地位。
For the Sino-U.S. Relations in the period of the Anti-Japanese War, the academic circles in our country conducted a more in-depth discussion and research in the past ten years. Some of the studies are summarized as follows for reference. Sino-American relations during the Anti-Japanese War, the academic community generally from the following three stages of analysis and evaluation. The first phase From July 1937 to December 1941, the Sino-U.S. Relations started its transition from indifference to turning point. Many scholars believe that from 1937 to 1941 the United States implemented Japan’s and China’s two-pronged policy of safeguarding their own interests. On the one hand, Japan aggression against militarism will contain and fight against it. On the other hand, it will compromise and appease and appease. While fighting the Chinese people’s war of resistance against Japan on the one hand, they have given their sympathies and certain assistance. On the other hand, they have not actively tried to sacrifice some of China’s rights and seek a compromise with Japan. What is the difference? Which scholars hold the view that appeasement of Japan and domination of the interests of China? Some other scholars believe that to contain Japan, aid China to dominate. Most scholars believe that the U.S. policy on the implementation of the Sino-Japanese War during 1937 to 1941 should also be examined in phases. In September 1940, the signing of the alliance treaty by Germany, Italy and Japan promulgated a major change in the U.S. policy on the Sino-Japanese war. In the previous phase, the negative aspect dominates; in the latter phase, the positive aspect dominates.