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目的探讨婴幼儿病毒性脑炎特点,总结经验,减少误诊。方法对2008年6月至2012年9月收治的20例婴幼儿病毒性脑炎临床资料及诊断过程进行回顾性分析。结果发热20例,精神改变(包括嗜睡、烦躁、易激惹)20例,呕吐8例,咳嗽2例,脑膜刺激征阳性1例,病理反射均阴性。17例在本科做腰椎穿刺诊断为病毒性脑炎,3例转上级医院腰穿诊断为病毒性脑炎,经治疗20例患儿均痊愈出院。20例中夏秋季起病14例。结论在夏秋季节,对不明原因发热,精神改变的婴幼儿,要考虑到病毒性脑炎的可能,积极做腰椎穿刺化验脑脊液明确诊断。
Objective To explore the characteristics of infant encephalitis, summarize the experience and reduce misdiagnosis. Methods The clinical data and diagnosis of infantile viral encephalitis from June 2008 to September 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. Results 20 cases of fever, mental changes (including lethargy, irritability, irritability) in 20 cases, vomiting in 8 cases, 2 cases of cough, meningeal irritation positive in 1 case, pathological reflex were negative. 17 cases of undergraduate lumbar puncture diagnosis of viral encephalitis, 3 cases transferred to the higher hospital lumbar puncture diagnosis of viral encephalitis, the treatment of 20 patients were cured and discharged. In 20 cases, 14 cases were found in summer and autumn. Conclusion In summer and autumn, infant and children with unexplained fever and mental changes should take positive diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for lumbar puncture in consideration of the possibility of viral encephalitis.