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根据交易成本经济学的一般原理,如果毗邻牧户草场之间设置阻隔性边界/栅栏的边际收益大于其边际成本时,这样一种界权费用将会由双方承担,即实现内部化。但是,在甘青藏区,基于草场禀赋、传统游牧方式的存续等诸多局限条件,毗邻村或牧户双方之间设置阻隔性边界的费用却不能通过自发商谈的形式实现内部化。由此导致甘青藏区,乃至全国大部分牧区,呈现出了“畜-草”承包不能同步推进的尴尬局面——牲畜承包早已进行,但草场承包却迟迟没有推进。当“拉动内需”即国家补贴下的围栏建设以及由于草原过密化而引发要素价格上涨等多种因素意外地出现并契合在一起时,甘青藏区的草场承包改革才真正得以启动,并籍此使草场承包经营权初级物权化的制度费用问题得到了解决。
According to the general principle of transaction cost economics, if the marginal benefit of setting barrier boundaries / fences adjacent to herdsmen’s pastures is greater than their marginal cost, such a boundary fee would be borne by both parties, ie internalized. However, in the Qinghai-Tibet region, the cost of setting barrier boundaries between adjacent villages or pastoralists can not be internalized by spontaneous negotiation because of many limitations such as grassland endowments and the existence of traditional nomadism. As a result, most of the pastoral areas in the Qinghai-Tibetan region and even in the whole country have shown the awkward situation that the “livestock-grass” contracting can not be promoted simultaneously. However, the livestock contract has long been carried out but the contracting of the pasture has not yet progressed. When the “drive domestic demand” that is fence construction under the state subsidy and the factors such as price rise caused by the densification of grassland unexpectedly appeared and coincided, the grassland contractual reform in Ganqing Tibetan region was really started, And thus make the grass-roots contractual management right of the initial property rights system costs have been resolved.