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目的研究宠物饲养及居住条件与学龄前儿童过敏性哮喘发生的关系。方法选择2～5岁过敏性哮喘患者115例及相同年龄段的对照110例,采用问卷记录母亲怀孕及婴幼儿期宠物饲养和居住情况,比较病例组与对照组之间的差异。结果与对照组相比,患者组饲养宠物的比例更低(34.8%vs70.0%,P=0.000),而居住于城镇小区的比例更高(73.9%vs53.3%,P=0.001)。母亲怀孕及婴幼儿期宠物饲养的儿童不易发生过敏性哮喘(OR=0.391,P=0.001),而居住于城镇小区的儿童更容易发生过敏性哮喘(OR=2.160,P=0.011)。结论在没有过敏性家族史的儿童中,较好的居住条件是过敏性哮喘发生的风险因素,而宠物饲养则是保护因素。
Objective To study the relationship between pet raising and living conditions and the occurrence of allergic asthma in preschool children. Methods One hundred and fifteen patients with allergic asthma aged 2-5 years and 110 controls of the same age were selected. The mothers’ pregnancy and feeding and living conditions of infants and young children were recorded by questionnaire. The differences between case group and control group were compared. Results The proportion of pet owners in the patient group was lower (34.8% vs 70.0%, P = 0.000) and higher in urban areas (73.9% vs 53.3%, P = 0.001). Children who were raised in mothers’ pregnant and infancy pets were less likely to develop allergic asthma (OR = 0.391, P = 0.001), while children living in urban areas were more likely to develop allergic asthma (OR = 2.160, P = 0.011). Conclusions In children without an atopic family history, better living conditions are a risk factor for allergic asthma and pet care is a protective factor.