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Aim: To investigate the effects of angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) telmisartan on the expression and distribution of protein kinase C (PKC)-α in the kidneys of diabetic mice.Methods: Diabetic mice were induced with streptozotocin and a group of them were randomly selected for treatment with telmisartan. After 6 weeks, the expression and localization of PKC-α in the renal cortex, and the outer and inner medulla were assessed by immunohistochemistry and semiquantitative Weste blotting. In addition, expressions of PKC-α, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in glomemli were measured by semiquantitative immunohistochemistry.Results: Diabetic and nor-mal mice showed similar distributions of PKC-α in the kidneys. The expression of PKC-α was found in glomeruli, epithelial cells of proximal tubules, and medullary-collecting duct, while not in the medullary and cortical thick ascending limb, and was different in the epithelial cells of proximal tubules of diabetic nephropathy (DN) mice, PKC-α was mostly translocated from the basement membrane to the apical membrane, whereas it was largely translocated from the apical membrane to the basement membrane in epithelial cells of the inner medullary-collecting duct.Weste blotting detected increased expression of PKC-α in the renal cortex and outer medulla, but not in the inner medulla of DN mice. Enhanced expressions of PKC-α TGF-β, and VEGF were shown in the glomeruli of DN mice, where PKC-α exhibited a correlation to VEGF, but no correlation to TGF-β1. ARB telmisartan attenuated alterations of PKC-α as mentioned earlier in the DN mice.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that PKC-α may play a role in the pathogenesis of DN, and that the nephroprotective effects of ARB telmisartan may be partly associated with its influence on PKC-α.