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目的评价新生儿乙肝疫苗普种预防乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染的长期免疫效果,探讨乙肝血源疫苗免疫持久性。方法出生队列定群研究结合横断面调查的方法,对象为1987—1989年出生并接种乙肝血源疫苗的人群,用固相放射免疫法(SPRIA)法检测HBV感染标志,结果与前期数据比较分析。结果(1)1987—1989队列的免疫人群在免疫7年、14年、18年后的疫苗保护效果分别为89．7%,94．8%和87．8%,差别无统计学意义；保护性抗体水平分别为57．37%,32．80%,36．67%,免后14、18年的抗体保持在一致水平；(2)乙肝血源疫苗接种16～18年后,平均HBsAg阳性率为1．99%；保护性抗体水平为36．67%,总表面抗体阳性率为62．91%。结论新生儿普种乙肝血源疫苗可有效预防HBV感染,疫苗免疫18年后保护效果稳定,不必进行人群加强免疫。
Objective To evaluate the long-term immunization effect of neonatal Hepatitis B vaccine against Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and to investigate the immune persistence of Hepatitis B vaccine. Methods Cohort study of birth cohort and cross-sectional study was conducted in the population from 1987 to 1989 who were immunized with Hepatitis B vaccine. HBV infection markers were detected by solid-phase radioimmunoassay (SPRIA), and the results were compared with the previous data . Results (1) The vaccination efficacy of the immunized cohorts from 1987 to 1989 was 89.7%, 94.8% and 87.8% respectively after 7, 14 and 18 years of immunization. There was no significant difference between the two groups The levels of antibodies were 57.37%, 32.80% and 36.67% respectively. After 14 and 18 years, the antibody levels remained the same. (2) The average HBsAg positive after 16-18 years The rate of protective antibody was 36.67%, and the positive rate of total surface antibody was 62.91%. Conclusion The neonatal universal hepatitis B vaccine can effectively prevent HBV infection. The vaccine has a stable protective effect after 18 years of immunization and does not require intensive immunization.