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目的:对杭州市学龄前儿童贫血情况进行调查,探究有效预防学龄前儿童贫血的对策。方法:从杭州市不同区域的五所大型幼儿园中随机选取3~6岁的儿童1600例为研究对象,分别测量血红蛋白含量。根据相关文献资料及其他区域进行贫血调查的经验,自行设计调查问卷表。内容包括性别、年龄、居住地、儿童饮食习惯、家长的营养知识掌握程度、文化水平等,对问卷内容进行分析评价。结果:男童贫血情况要比女童严重,差异显著具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。男童贫血检出率为13.63%,女童贫血检出率为10.85%。从年龄上来看,3~4岁儿童贫血发生情况要明显多于5~6岁儿童,差异显著具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。此外影响儿童贫血情况的因素还包括儿童的饮食习惯、家长的营养知识掌握程度以及家长的学历等。结论:儿童贫血情况主要以轻度贫血为主,中度以及中度贫血较少。对于儿童贫血的影响因素较多,需要从改善儿童饮食习惯、合理调整饮食结构、提高家长营养知识掌握水平等多个方面出发,减少儿童贫血情况的发生。
Objective: To investigate the prevalence of anemia in preschool children in Hangzhou and explore the strategies to prevent anemia in preschool children effectively. Methods: A total of 1600 children aged 3 ~ 6 years from five large kindergartens in different regions of Hangzhou city were randomly selected to study the hemoglobin content. According to the relevant literature and anecdotal survey of other regions of the experience, design their own questionnaire. Content includes gender, age, place of residence, children’s eating habits, parental knowledge of nutritional mastery, cultural level, etc., to analyze the contents of the questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of anemia in boys was more serious than that in girls, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The detection rate of anemia in boys was 13.63% and the detection rate of anemia in girls was 10.85%. In terms of age, children aged 3 ~ 4 years old had more anemia than those aged 5 ~ 6 years old, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). In addition, factors that affect children’s anemia include children’s eating habits, parents ’nutritional knowledge and parents’ qualifications and so on. Conclusion: The prevalence of anemia in children is mainly based on mild anemia, with moderate and moderate anemia. For children, there are many influencing factors of anemia, such as improving children’s eating habits, adjusting diet structure rationally, and improving parental knowledge of nutrition to reduce the incidence of anemia in children.