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目的:了解武汉市幼儿园儿童血铅水平及其影响因素,为早期预防和干预提供科学依据。方法:采用随机整群抽样方法,抽取武汉市8所幼儿园2 018名2~6岁儿童,测定血铅水平,同时对家长进行问卷调查。结果:2 018名儿童平均血铅浓度43.16μg/L,铅中毒2例。男童血铅水平显著高于女童(P<0.01),不同年龄儿童血铅水平无显著性差异(F=1.124,P>0.05)。与儿童共同居住者中是否有人经常使用染发剂(t=2.583,P<0.05),住所距车流量大的主干道的距离(t=-2.126,P<0.05),服用中草药(t=-2.108,P<0.05),食用动物奶或其制品(t=2.188,P<0.05)以及儿童每日在主干道行走时间(t=1.989,P<0.05)为影响儿童血铅水平的主要因素。结论:武汉市直管幼儿园儿童血铅水平低于国内平均水平,定期进行血铅水平监测,针对儿童和家长开展健康教育,培养良好的生活卫生行为习惯是预防儿童铅暴露的有效方法。
Objective: To understand the level of blood lead and its influencing factors in kindergarten children in Wuhan and to provide a scientific basis for early prevention and intervention. Methods: A total of 2 018 children aged 2 ~ 6 years old from 8 kindergartens in Wuhan were collected by random cluster sampling method. Blood lead levels were measured and parents were surveyed. Results: The mean blood lead concentration of 2 018 children was 43.16 μg / L and lead poisoning was found in 2 cases. Blood lead levels in boys were significantly higher than those in girls (P <0.01). There was no significant difference in blood lead levels among children of different ages (F = 1.124, P> 0.05). (T = -2.126, P <0.05), taking herbal medicine (t = -2.108, t = -2.108, t = (T = 2.188, P <0.05), as well as children’s daily walking time on the main road (t = 1.989, P <0.05) were the main factors influencing blood lead levels in children. Conclusion: The level of blood lead in children under direct kindergarten in Wuhan is lower than the national average level. Regular monitoring of blood lead levels, health education for children and parents, and cultivation of good health habits are an effective way to prevent lead exposure in children.