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目的通过分析南阳市宛城区布鲁菌病(简称布病)疫情特征、流行因素,综合评价实施中央补助地方布病防治项目和联防联控工作防治效果,为制定布病防控策略提供科学依据。方法对《中国疾病预防控制信息系统》中南阳市宛城区相关资料、病例流行病学调查资料、常规疫情监测和项目等工作资料进行分析与评价。结果南阳市宛城区布病病例从2007年的1例上升到2014年的45例;1—8月为发病高峰,占91.2%;传染源(病羊)以该地为主,占55.8%。感染以接触病畜排泄物、流产物较多,占39.4%。食源性明显上升,占17.5%;发病以农民较多,占62.0%;以男性为主,占72.3%。南阳市宛城区实施布病防治项目和联防联控工作后,患者规范治疗率由52.5%上升到89.7%(P<0.01),平均诊断周期由44.5 d缩短到31.9 d,使用防护用品率由12.5%上升到56.7%(P<0.01)。结论南阳市宛城区实施布病防治项目和联防联控工作后取得了显著效果,但因落实畜间检疫、免疫、淘汰病畜等防控措施困难大,传染源得不到有效控制,布病疫情上升势态近期难以遏制,加强布病防控工作刻不容缓。
Objective To provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of brucellosis by analyzing the epidemic characteristics and epidemic factors of brucellosis in Wancheng District, Nanyang City, . Methods The data of Wancheng District of Zhongyangyang City, “Disease Prevention and Control Information System of China”, epidemiological survey data of cases, routine epidemic situation monitoring and project work were analyzed and evaluated. Results The cases of brucellosis in Wancheng District of Nanyang increased from 1 case in 2007 to 45 cases in 2014; the peak was from January to August, accounting for 91.2%; the source of infection was 55.8%. Infected to contact sick animals excrement, more flow products, accounting for 39.4%. Food intake increased significantly, accounting for 17.5%; incidence of more farmers, accounting for 62.0%; mainly male, accounting for 72.3%. Wancheng District, Nanyang City, the implementation of brucellosis prevention and control projects and joint prevention and control work, the patient standard treatment rate increased from 52.5% to 89.7% (P <0.01), the average diagnostic cycle was shortened from 44.5 d to 31.9 d, the use of protective equipment rate from 12.5 % Increased to 56.7% (P <0.01). Conclusion The implementation of brucellosis prevention and control project and joint prevention and control work have achieved remarkable results in Wancheng District of Nanyang City. However, prevention and control measures such as animal quarantine, immunization and out-patient sickness are difficult and the source of infection can not be effectively controlled. The rising trend of the epidemic is hard to contain in the near future and it is imperative to step up prevention and control of brucellosis.