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中国是煤炭生产、进口和消费大国,在国际煤炭贸易中的地位越来越重要。本文应用社会网络分析方法,对国际煤炭贸易网络进行“核心-边缘”结构分析,结果表明,澳大利亚和日本长期占据贸易网络核心度排名前两位,在煤炭市场定价中掌握着主动权。为提升中国在国际煤炭市场定价格局中的地位,应进一步推动煤炭全产业链的市场化;重开煤炭期货市场,加大煤炭期货市场建设力度;健全煤炭战略储备制度,规避国际煤炭市场风险;加快煤炭行业协会建设,统一表达利益诉求;加强国内资源的合理利用,积极开发海外资源;加快煤炭产业整顿,提高煤炭产业集中度;加强煤炭产业的国际合作,推动形成合理的国际煤炭定价体系。
China is a big producer, importer and consumer of coal and its status in the international coal trade is becoming more and more important. This paper uses the social network analysis method to analyze the structure of the international coal trading network. The results show that Australia and Japan occupy the top two positions in the core of the trade network for a long time, and hold the initiative in pricing the coal market. In order to enhance China’s position in the international coal market pricing structure, the entire coal industry chain should be further marketized; the coal futures market should be reopened and the coal futures market should be built; the coal strategic reserve system should be perfected to avoid risks in the international coal market; Speed up the construction of the coal industry associations and unify the interest demands; strengthen the rational utilization of domestic resources and actively develop overseas resources; accelerate the rectification of the coal industry and increase the concentration of the coal industry; strengthen the international cooperation in the coal industry and promote the formation of a reasonable international coal pricing system.