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一、历史的回顾要理解超导现象,应先了解材料电阻的由来。从微观上说,电阻是在电场中运动的电子被散射而失去部分或全部电场方向的动量所致。在量子力学中用平面波来描述电子的运动。平面波通过完整的周期性结构时,不会被散射到其它方向去。因此,运动的电子通过完整的晶体时,不产生散射,其原方向的动量也就不会有损失。当运动的电子通过的晶体与完整性有偏离时,就会产生散射。造成晶体偏离完整的原因有二:一是温度高于绝对零度后,原子
First, the historical review To understand the phenomenon of superconductivity, we should first understand the origin of the material resistance. At a microscopic point of view, resistance is the momentum that an electron moving in an electric field is scattered to lose part or all of its electric field. In quantum mechanics, plane waves are used to describe the motion of electrons. When a plane wave passes through a complete periodic structure, it will not be scattered in the other direction. Therefore, the movement of electrons through the complete crystal, does not produce scattering, the momentum in the original direction there will be no loss. Scattering occurs when the moving electrons pass through the crystal deviating from the integrity. There are two reasons that cause the crystal to deviate from integrity: one is the atom after the temperature is higher than absolute zero