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世界人口问题,是当今世界面临的严重挑战之一。半个多世纪以来,人口急剧增长,带来一系列经济和社会问题,最大的难题是粮食供应不足。目前,严重缺粮的发展中国家有29个,其中23个在非洲;约有6亿人处于饥饿和营养不良状态,占发展中国家总人口的六分之一强。为解决粮食的需求,专家们建议扩大耕地面积和提高单位面积产量。目前世界还有100多亿亩可耕地尚未开垦,大部分在发展中国家。通过科学技术手段提高单位面积产量,潜力很大。但需要耗费巨资,对经济力量薄弱、科学技术落后.生产力低下的广大发展中国家来说,绝非易事。因此,控制人口的增长势在必行。发展中国家农业生产力低下和生产的单一状态是长期遭受殖民统治的恶果。少数发达国家对世界粮食市场的控制是粮食分配严重不平衡的原因。某些发展中国家独立后经济政策失当,也严重阻碍了粮食生产的增长。显然,解决世界粮食问题,一方面要控制人口,同时必须打破旧的国际经济秩序,发展中国家内部也需进行社会、经济改革。(根据吴海龙同志提供的部分资料)
The problem of the world’s population is one of the most serious challenges facing the world today. For more than half a century, the rapid population growth has brought about a series of economic and social problems. The biggest problem is the insufficient food supply. Currently, there are 29 developing countries with serious food shortages, 23 of which are in Africa and about 600 million are starving and malnourished, accounting for more than one-sixth of the total population in developing countries. To address the demand for food, experts have suggested expanding the area of arable land and increasing the yield per unit area. At present there are more than 10 billion mu of arable land in the world that has not yet been cultivated, most of them in developing countries. There is great potential for improving the yield per unit area through scientific and technological means. However, it requires a huge sum of money and it is by no means easy for the vast number of developing countries with low economic power and backward science and technology. Therefore, it is imperative to control population growth. The low agricultural productivity and the single state of production in developing countries are the long-term consequences of colonial rule. The control of the world grain markets by a few developed countries is the reason for the serious imbalance in food distribution. The lack of economic policy in some developing countries after independence has also seriously hindered the growth of food production. Obviously, to solve the world’s food issue, we must control the population on the one hand and at the same time we must break the old international economic order. Social and economic reforms are also required within developing countries. (Based on some information provided by Comrade Wu Hailong)