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目的了解广州市地铁站集中空调通风系统微生物污染状况,为制定相应的防制对策提供依据。方法参照卫生部《公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生规范》WS394-2012的要求,2013-2015年于每年的4月(春季)和8月(夏季)分别对广州市5条地铁线10个地铁站的集中空调通风系统进行微生物指标检测。结果地铁站集中空调送风中细菌总数、真菌总数的合格率在不同季节差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中夏季空调送风中细菌总数合格率为41.11%、真菌总数合格率为72.22%,细菌总数、真菌总数的最高浓度分别超出《卫生规范》中所规定限值的11倍、5倍以上;空调送风中细菌总数合格率为58.33%、真菌总数合格率为79.44%,分别低于风管内表面细菌总数和真菌总数的合格率,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),β-溶血性链球菌未检出;冷却水嗜肺军团菌的检出率为48.33%,夏季冷却水阳性检出率明显高于春季,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论广州市地铁站集中空调通风系统存在微生物污染,对其危险性应引起高度重视,并进行有效控制,避免大规模公共卫生突发事件的发生。
Objective To understand the status of microbial contamination of central air-conditioning and ventilation system in Guangzhou Metro Station and to provide the basis for formulating corresponding control measures. Methods According to the requirements of Ministry of Public Health, “Hygienic Practice of Central Air Conditioning and Ventilation System in Public Places” (WS394-2012), from 2013 to 2015 every year in April (spring) and August (summer) Centralized air conditioning and ventilation system for microbiological detection. Results The total number of bacteria and the total number of fungi passing through the air conditioners in subway stations were significantly different in different seasons (P <0.05). The passing rate of airborne bacteria in summer was 41.11% and the total number of fungi was 72.22 %, The total number of bacteria, the total number of fungal concentrations were exceeded 11 times the “health norms,” the limit of 5 times, air-conditioned air supply bacteria in the total pass rate of 58.33%, the total number of fungi 79.44% pass rate, respectively (P <0.05), β-hemolytic streptococcus was not detected; the detection rate of Legionella pneumophila in cooling water was 48.33%, while in summer The positive detection rate of cooling water was significantly higher than that of spring, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusions There is microbial contamination in the central air-conditioning and ventilation system of Guangzhou Metro Station, which should pay close attention to its risk and control effectively so as to avoid the occurrence of large-scale public health emergencies.