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为了评价外来入侵杂草薇甘菊Mikania micrantha在害虫综合防治方面的潜力,为椰心叶甲Brontispa longissima的防控提供参考,测定了薇甘菊提取物对椰心叶甲室内生物活性和田间防治效果。结果表明:不同极性溶剂对薇甘菊活性物质提取率中,以甲醇和乙醇的提取率最高(甲醇、乙酸乙酯、正己烷、石油醚、三氯甲烷、蒸馏水、乙醇的提取率分别为10.54%,7.17%,6.22%,6.28%,8.67%,8.62%和10.36%);薇甘菊甲醇和乙醇提取物均对椰心叶甲表现出一定的生物活性,且乙醇提取物对各龄幼虫及成虫的活性均高于甲醇提取物,其中乙醇提取物对椰心叶甲1～5龄幼虫和成虫LC50分别为7.09,7.88,8.93,11.88,13.26和17.46mg/g,而甲醇提取物相应LC50值分别为12.36,14.85,15.89,17.46,19.91和27.81mg/g;两种提取物均能造成椰心叶甲蛹的羽化延迟、成虫畸形、卵孵化时间延迟等情况。大田试验结果表明,薇甘菊乙醇提取物对椰心叶甲表现出显著的防治效果,其中100和20mg/mL处理组在处理后的第7天其虫口减退率均达到80%以上。结论:薇甘菊提取物对椰心叶甲具有一定的生物活性和防控潜力。
In order to evaluate the potential of alien invasive weed Mikania micrantha in the integrated pest management and to provide references for the prevention and control of Brontispa longissima, the indoor bioactivity and field control of Mikania micrantha were determined. The results showed that the extraction rate of methanol and ethanol was the highest among the solvents with different polar solvents (the extraction rates of methanol, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, petroleum ether, chloroform, distilled water and ethanol were 10.54% , 7.17%, 6.22%, 6.28%, 8.67%, 8.62% and 10.36%, respectively). Both methanolic and ethanolic extracts of Mikania micrantha showed certain biological activities against C. coconut leafchip and the activity of ethanol extract against larvae and adults In the methanol extract, the LC50 of the ethanol extract for 1st to 5th instar larvae and adults were 7.09, 7.88, 8.93, 11.88, 13.26 and 17.46 mg / g respectively, while the corresponding LC50 values of the methanol extract were 12.36, 14.85 and 15.89 , 17.46, 19.91 and 27.81 mg / g, respectively. Both of the extracts could delay pupae eclosion, adults deformity and egg hatching delay. Field experiments showed that Mikania micrantha ethanol extract showed significant preventive and therapeutic effects on Coconut Pallas, of which 100 and 20 mg / mL treatment groups had a reduction rate of over 80% on the 7th day after treatment. Conclusion: Mikania micrantha extract has some biological activity and control potential to Coconut palm leaf.