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在山杨主要分布区随机抽取６个天然群体，每群体随机抽样１５株采集木芯，分析结果表明：群体间及个体间的木材密度和纤维长度差异都极显著。群体平均密度０．４３２ｌｇ／ｃｍ３，极差０．０６６２ｇ／ｃｍ３；平均纤维长度１．０７７５ｍｍ，极差０．２６５０ｍｍ。东北、华北群体的密度呈梯度变异，纤维长度的梯度变异不明显。木材密度群体重复率０．５４１，个体重复率０．４７１；纤维长度重复率分别是０．４７１与０．４１２。不同群体、不同年轮组的密度与纤维长度的个体重复率有所不同。密度、纤维长度等与生长性状呈微弱遗传相关，可以进行材性与生长的同步遗传改良。
Six natural populations were randomly selected from the main distribution area of Populus davidiana. Fifteen trees were randomly sampled from each population. The results showed that there were significant differences in wood density and fiber length among populations and individuals. The population average density of 0.432lg / cm3, very poor 0.0662g / cm3; average fiber length of 1.0775mm, very poor 0.2650mm. The population density of northeast and north China showed a gradient variation, and the gradient variation of fiber length was not obvious. The population density of wood density was 0.541 and the individual repetition rate was 0.471. The repetition rate of fiber length was 0.471 and 0.412 respectively. Different groups, different ring group density and fiber length of the individual repetition rate is different. Density, fiber length, etc. are weakly related to the growth trait and may be used for simultaneous genetic improvement of material properties and growth.