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以大孔径硅藻土膜为基体,对其表面喷涂SiO2溶胶制备得到非对称结构的硅藻土膜.吸水率法测得其孔隙率为46％,泡点法测得其表面平均孔径为0.78 μm.采用辛基三乙氧基硅烷对其进行疏水改性,获得疏水性硅藻土膜.真空膜蒸馏实验表明,改性后的硅藻土膜有较好的脱盐性能,当膜的外侧与温度80℃、质量分数为3.5％的NaC1溶液接触,膜的内侧用抽真空至5 kPa,膜的水渗透通量为10.33 L/(m2·h),截盐率大于99.9％.“,”Unsymmetrical diatomaceous earth membrane was prepared by spay silica sol.The porosity and average pore size of the unsymmetrical diatomaceous earth membrane were determined to be 46％ and 0.78 ?m,respectively.The membrane was surface modified to turn their hydrophilic character into hydrophobic one by the grafting of the octyltriethoxysilane.The hydrophobic diatomaceous earth membrane exhibited good water desalination performance operating in the vacuum membrane distillation.By exposing the shell side of the membrane to an aqueous solution of NaC1 mass fraction of 3.5％ at 80 ℃,and vacuuming the lumen side of the membrane to a pressure of 5 kPa,the water flux of 10.33 L/(m2·h) was attained with a salt rejection over 99.9％.