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为了提高铝合金材料的表面性能,利用激光熔覆技术,在6063铝合金表面制备了添加不同含量Y_2O_3的Ni60合金熔覆层,并采用金相显微镜(OM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱分析测试仪(EDS)、显微硬度计等分析检测设备对激光熔覆层的组织、相结构、成分、显微硬度进行了测试和分析。研究结果表明:适当的Y_2O_3添加量可改善熔池对流,减少内含物,并有效控制熔覆层中的气孔和裂纹;XRD分析表明不同Y_2O_3含量的Ni60熔覆层表面主要的相结构为β-Ni Al(Cr),Al_3Ni,AlNi_3,Al等,添加较多Y_2O_3后出现Y_2O_3,YAl_3,AlNiY,Ni_(17)Y_2等稀土化合物的衍射峰;加入Y_2O_3后Ni60熔覆层元素分布比较均匀,稀释率有所降低,孔隙率减小,晶粒得到细化;Ni60熔覆层的平均显微硬度为HV 1017.6,5%Y_2O_3+Ni60熔覆层硬度为HV 1225.8,5%Y_2O_3+Ni60熔覆层硬度较高且硬度值随着熔覆层深度的过渡较为平缓。
In order to improve the surface properties of the aluminum alloy, the cladding layer of Ni60 alloy with different content of Y_2O_3 was prepared by laser cladding on the surface of 6063 aluminum alloy. The microstructure of Ni60 alloy was characterized by OM, XRD, The microstructure, phase structure, composition and microhardness of laser cladding layer were tested and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and microhardness tester. The results show that appropriate Y_2O_3 addition can improve the convection of the molten pool, reduce the inclusions and effectively control the pores and cracks in the cladding layer. XRD analysis shows that the major phase structure of Ni60 cladding layer with different Y_2O_3 contents is β Ni AI2O3, Al AI3, AlNi3, Al, etc. After adding more Y2O3, the diffraction peaks of Y2O3, YAl3, AlNiY, Ni17 Y2 and other rare earth compounds appear; the element distribution of Ni60 coating is more uniform after adding Y2O3, The dilution rate decreased, the porosity decreased and the grains were refined. The average microhardness of Ni60 coating was HV 1017.6, the hardness of 5% Y_2O_3 + Ni60 coating was HV 1225.8, the cladding of 5% Y_2O_3 + Ni60 The hardness of the layer is higher and the transition of the hardness value with the depth of the cladding layer is more gentle.