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由商鞅变法所实践、董仲舒倡议所合法化的国家控制土地的政策思想,是中国古代农业经济长期停滞在“生产使用价值”的前市场状态的根本原因。统治者的体恤民情或横征暴敛,理财者的开通明智或精于搜括,不期而至的灾害或战乱等,应该是后续衍生的问题。一旦僵化的土地制度决定了农业生产缺乏内生活力,这些问题迟早会发生,解决的程度也必然是局部的、有限的、暂时的。北宋以后,田制不立,但路径依赖已经形成,决策思路转变不易。因此,讨论封建社会农业政策对王朝更替的影响问题,经济学方法论是一个值得重视的分析工具。
Practiced by Shang Yang’s reform, Dong Zhongshu’s advocacy of legalized state policy of land control is the root cause of the pre-market state of ancient Chinese agricultural economy stagnating in the value of production and use. The compatriots in the rulers’ sympathies and feelings, or the excessive collection of funds, the wise and wise management of financiers, the unforeseen disasters or war, should be the follow-up problems. Once the rigid land system determines the lack of endogenous vitality of agricultural production, these problems will happen sooner or later, and the degree of resolution must also be partial, limited and temporary. After the Northern Song Dynasty, Tian did not stand, but the path dependence has been formed, the decision-making ideas change is not easy. Therefore, to discuss the influence of feudal society’s agricultural policy on the replacement of dynasties, the methodology of economics is an analytical tool worthy of attention.