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长期以来,植物育种多以有性杂交的方法进行,但由于植物的生殖隔离,许多植物存在杂交不亲和性,限制了有性杂交的组合和范围。另外,多数植物雌雄配子(即性细胞)间遗传物质的交换,只限于核基因,雄配子细胞质基因不能遗传。所以人们一直在寻求更好的遗传物质的传递途径。自1960年英国植物生理学家Cocking首次用纤维素酶分离原生质体取得成功以来,人们成功地将原生质体应用于植物育种研究,运用该技术对观赏植物进行遗传改良取得了一定进展。
For a long time, plant breeding has mostly been carried out by sexual crossbreeding. However, due to the reproductive isolation of plants, many plants have hybrid incompatibility, limiting the combination and scope of sexual crossbreeding. In addition, the exchange of genetic material between male and female gametes (ie, sex cells) in most plants is confined to the nuclear gene, and the male gametophyte cytoplasmic gene can not be inherited. So people are always looking for better ways of transmitting genetic material. Since 1960, British plant physiologist Cocking successfully isolated protoplasts for the first time, protoplasts have been successfully used in plant breeding research. With this technology, some progress has been made in the genetic improvement of ornamental plants.