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詹姆斯·鲍德温是美国黑人小说家、散文家、戏剧家和社会批评家。鲍德温的《向苍天呼吁》聚焦于20世纪30年代居住在纽约黑人区哈莱姆的一个黑人牧师家庭。黑人文学中的隐喻性一直是永恒的主题。非裔美国文学批评家休斯顿·A.贝克,把黑人文本置于黑人文化的传统中,提出了“黑洞”隐喻说。文本的浓缩性,“黑洞”仪式和神话渗透是贝克的“黑洞”隐喻说的关键词。《向苍天呼吁》的语言的极度浓缩体现了语言的狂欢,“黑洞”仪式契合了主人公约翰的心路成长历程,文本中对于神话的借鉴表现了神话渗透。《向苍天呼吁》的隐喻性和神秘性,继承了黑人作品语言的隐喻性,探寻了主人公完整自我的心路历程,体现了浓厚的神话渗透。
James Baldwin is an Afro-American novelist, essayist, dramatist and social critic. Baldwin’s Appeal to Heaven focused on a black pastor family living in Harare, New York’s nicaraguan community in the 1930s. Metaphors in black literature have always been the eternal theme. African American literary critic Houston A. Baker, who put the black text in the tradition of black culture, proposed the metaphor of “black hole.” The concentration of text, “black hole” rituals and mythological infiltration is the key word of Baker’s “black hole” metaphor. The extreme concentration of the language of “Calling heaven” embodies the carnival of language. The “Black Hole” ritual fits the growth of John’s heroine. The myth of the text shows the myth penetration. The metaphorical and mysterious nature of “Call to heaven” inherits the metaphorical nature of the language of black works and explores the hero’s path of complete self, which shows a strong mythological infiltration.