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本文报告,1985年1月至1986年4月,以环境监测、生物学监测和流行病学调查同步进行的方法,对贵州省某铝厂氟污染危害做了调查研究。结果表明,污染源主要为该厂电解车间排放的氟烟和废水,使厂区附近的大气和地面水、土壤、主副食品和植物受到严重的氟污染。调查点艳山红乡农民氟斑牙率高达88.40％,处于调查区常年主导风向东侧的都拉营乡农民氟斑牙率为67.44％。对艳山红乡刘庄村123名农民和都拉营乡39名农民骨盆和前臂的X线摄片查检,氟骨症阳性率各为36.6％和23％,且中度和重度患者较多。检查污染区121人,有81人(占66％)其肘关节屈曲受限不正常。测定刘庄村84名农民的尿氟平均水平为22.59mg/L。测定25名氟污染区成年农民全血微量元素,其中铜、锰、镁的水平和贵阳市健康成年人相比均较高。测定了30名成年农民头发中的微量元素含量,用逐步回归多因素分析尿氟与人发中微量元素的关系,发现影响尿氟最主要的是发铅和发铝。氟污染区的本底氟调查结果,艳山红乡的大部分地区均属非高氟地质带,特别是危害严重的刘庄村一带的岩石和土壤的含氟量均不高,属非高氟带,说明严重氟危害的氟源主要来自铝厂。
This paper reports from January 1985 to April 1986 on the environmental monitoring, biological monitoring and epidemiological investigations carried out simultaneously, an aluminum plant in Guizhou Province fluorine pollution hazards were investigated. The results show that the main sources of pollution are fluorine smoke and wastewater discharged from the electrolysis plant of the plant, which cause serious fluorine pollution to the air and surface water, soil, primary foods and plants in the vicinity of the plant. The rate of dental fluorosis in Yanshanhong Township farmers was as high as 88.40% at the survey site. The rate of dental fluorosis in Dalaying Township farmers to the east of the survey area was 67.44%. The X-ray examination of the pelvis and forearm of 123 peasants in Liuzhuang Village of Yanshan Hongxiang and 39 peasants in Doulaying Township showed that the positive rates of skeletal fluorosis were 36.6% and 23% respectively, respectively, and there were more moderate and severe patients. Check polluted area 121 people, there are 81 people (66%), the elbow flexion limitation is not normal. The average urinary fluoride level of 84 farmers in Liuzhuang Village was 22.59mg / L. Determination of trace elements in whole blood of 25 farmer fluorine-contaminated areas, in which the level of copper, manganese, magnesium and Guiyang healthy adults were higher. The content of trace elements in the hair of 30 adult peasants was determined. The relationship between urinary fluoride and trace elements in human hair was analyzed by stepwise regression. It was found that lead and aluminum were the most important factors affecting urinary fluoride. Fluorine pollution in the background fluorine survey results, Yanshan Hongxiang most of the non-high fluoride geological belt, especially in the area of Liuzhuangcun serious rock and soil fluorine content is not high, is not high fluoride Fluorine sources with severe fluorine hazard are mainly from aluminum plants.