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1127年靖康之祸结束了北宋的统治,同年五月宋徽宗第九子赵构在应天府即位,重建赵宋王朝,史称南宋。南宋文化极为辉煌,正如陈寅恪所说:“华夏民族之文化,历数千载之演进,造极于赵宋之世。”特别是南宋理宗朝时,理学被钦定为封建正统思想和官方哲学。南宋中期的政治环境影响了理学的形成与发展,对中国古代思想文化的建构做出了重要贡献。
In 1127, the disaster of Jingkang ended the rule of the Northern Song Dynasty. In May of the same year, the ninth son of Song Huizong, Zhao Tzu, ascended the throne on Tianfu and rebuilt the Zhao and Song dynasties. Southern Song Dynasty culture is extremely brilliant, as Chen Yinque said: “The culture of Huaxia ethnic group has evolved over thousands of years and made it very good for the Song and Song dynasties.” "In particular, in the Southern Song Dynasty, Confucianism was appointed as the feudal orthodox thought and Official philosophy. The political environment in the mid-Southern Song affected the formation and development of Neo-Confucianism and made important contributions to the construction of ancient Chinese thought and culture.