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镉暴露会导致人体肾脏、肝脏、肺脏和心血管等多种器官毒性,其中,肾脏是镉毒性的主要靶器官。随着镉暴露人群的增加,镉毒性的早期监测愈显重要。镉效应生物标志物是一类可供客观测定的生理、生化指标。在镉暴露过程中,镉效应生物标志物的改变能敏感地反映出镉对机体损伤的程度及部位。该文就镉肾脏毒性监测中常用的效应生物标志物的优缺点作一综述,为人群镉暴露致肾脏毒性的监测及流行病学研究提供参考。
Exposure to cadmium causes various organ toxicities in the kidneys, liver, lungs, and cardiovascular vessels, among which the kidney is the major target organ for cadmium toxicity. As the population of cadmium exposure increases, the early monitoring of cadmium toxicity becomes more and more important. Cadmium biomarkers are a class of physical and biochemical indicators that can be objectively determined. During cadmium exposure, changes in cadmium effect biomarkers can sensitively reflect the extent and location of cadmium damage to the body. This article reviews the advantages and disadvantages of commonly used biomarkers of biomarkers of cadmium and renal toxicity monitoring, and provides a reference for monitoring and epidemiological studies of renal toxicity induced by cadmium exposure.