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运用微卫星标记对大竹蛏(Solen grandis)辽宁丹东(DD)、河北秦皇岛(QHD)、山东日照(RZ)、江苏吕四(LS)和广西北海(BH)近海5个不同地理野生群体共计150个样品进行了遗传多样性分析。结果表明:14个位点多态信息含量范围为0.696~0.853,均呈现高度多态性,每个位点检测到的等位基因数8~22个,共检测到199个等位基因,平均等位基因数为14.2,等位基因丰富度为11.05,5个群体的期望杂合度分别为0.769(DD),0.791(QHD),0.826(RZ),0.815(LS),0.785(BH),观察杂合度分别为0.837(DD),0.812(QHD),0.875(RZ),0.809(LS),0.858(BH),表明各群体处于较高的遗传多样性水平。Hardy-Weinberg平衡检验显示,仅有Sg16位点在丹东群体显著偏离平衡,其余位点在5个群体均正常,表明各群体遗传较稳定,处于平衡状态。5个群体间的遗传距离在0.141 2~0.340 9,DD和QHD的遗传距离最小,DD和BH的遗传距离最大;基于Da遗传距离构建的UPGMA聚类树显示,距离相邻的DD、QHD渤海湾群体聚为一支,RZ、LS黄海群体聚为另一支,最后与南海群体BH聚在一起,聚类结果与地理位置密切联系,基于贝叶斯遗传聚类得到了相同的结果。分析群体间的Fst值可知,两两群体间的Fst值在0.039 1~0.094 7,群体间产生了中等程度的遗传分化,并且达到了极显著水平(P=0.000 1)。由此可见,中国沿海各地理群体野生大竹蛏种质遗传多样性较为丰富,但不同群体间存在显著的遗传分化,故各增殖放流海区应当加强对放流苗种及繁殖亲本的种质检测,防止异地繁养等人为因素对大竹蛏各野生种群遗传结构造成破坏。
Microsatellite markers were applied to the total population of 5 different geographic wild populations in Solen grandis Liaoning Dandong (DD), Qinhuangdao (QHD), Rizhao (RZ), Jiangsu Lu Si (LS) and Guangxi Beihai (BH) A sample of genetic diversity analysis. The results showed that the polymorphic information content of 14 loci ranged from 0.696 to 0.853, showing high polymorphism. The number of alleles detected at each locus ranged from 8 to 22, and a total of 199 alleles were detected, with an average of The allele number was 14.2 and the allele richness was 11.05. The expected heterozygosity of 5 populations were 0.769 (DD), 0.791 (QHD), 0.826 (RZ), 0.815 (LS) and 0.785 (BH) The heterozygosity was 0.837 (DD), 0.812 (QHD), 0.875 (RZ), 0.809 (LS) and 0.858 (BH) respectively, indicating that each population was at a high level of genetic diversity. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test showed that only the Sg16 site deviated significantly from the balance in Dandong population, and the remaining loci were all normal in five populations, indicating that each population was relatively stable and in a balanced state. The genetic distance between the five populations was 0.141 2 ~ 0.340 9, DD and QHD were the smallest, DD and BH were the largest, and UPGMA clustering trees based on Da genetic distances showed that the distances between DD, QHD and Bohai Sea One cluster of Bay and one group of RZ and LS Yellow Sea are clustered together and finally converge with the BH of the South China Sea. The clustering results are closely related to the geographical location, and the same result is obtained based on Bayesian genetic clustering. The analysis of the Fst value between the two groups showed that the Fst value was between 0.039 1 and 0.094 7 between the two groups, and moderate genetic differentiation was found between the two groups (P = 0.000 1). It can be seen from the above that the genetic diversity of the wild Dactylis glomerata from various geographic groups in China is rather rich, but there is significant genetic differentiation among different populations. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the germplasm testing and prevention Heterosexuality and other human factors on the Dazhuyi wild populations caused by the destruction of genetic structure.