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对于大尺度运动目标的参数测量,固定相机存在着视场与空间分辨率之间的矛盾,并且当测量空中或海上目标时相机的标定也十分困难。跟踪式相机(如光电经纬仪)能解决此问题,但存在体积大、成本高和操作复杂等缺点。结合两者特点取长补短,将相机固定在二维旋转平台上,尽可能实现同心放置,组成准同心广义经纬相机进行中远场高精度测量,测量过程中转台实时跟踪目标并为相机提供外参数。此方法并没有光电经纬仪非常严格的同心同轴的安装要求。在合理假设基础上建立了经纬相机成像模型,提出了线性求解及平差优化相机参数的方法。大量仿真与实际测量验证了模型和标定方法的正确性和高精度。广义经纬相机测量系统组合巧妙、装拆和操作简单、体积小、成本低、可全视场测量且测量精度高,有广泛且重要的应用前景。
For the measurement of large-scale moving targets, the fixed camera has the contradiction between the field of view and the spatial resolution, and it is very difficult to calibrate the camera when measuring the target at sea or at sea. Tracking cameras (such as theodolites) solve this problem, but suffer from the disadvantages of bulky, expensive and complicated operations. Combining the characteristics of the two, the camera is fixed on a two-dimensional rotating platform, and concentric placement is possible to form a quasi-concentric generalized latitude and longitude camera for high-precision measurement in the mid-far field. During the measurement, the turntable tracks the target in real time and provides external parameters for the camera. This method does not have very strict concentric coaxial installation requirements for theodolites. On the basis of reasonable assumption, the latitude and longitude camera imaging model is established, and the method of linearly solving and adjusting camera parameters is proposed. A large number of simulation and actual measurement verify the accuracy and accuracy of the model and calibration methods. Generalized latitude and longitude camera measuring system combination ingenious, assembly and disassembly and simple operation, small size, low cost, full field of view measurement and measurement accuracy, a wide range of important applications.