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材料科学通过现代先进的分析与实验工具,如俄歇能谱,扫描电镜、电子探针,偏光显微、衍射、激光、椭园仪、质谱等,使科学家们能剖析夹杂、疏松,裂缝、偏析等缺陷及显微组织,界面化学与宏观强度等性能的关系;了解材料破坏包括断裂力学、氧化、腐蚀、脆化和磨蚀的过程和界面的结构特征;从而为研制细粒材料,功能材料,超导材料,复合材料,新工艺新技术指出了发展方向。晶粒细化是提高材料韧性、耐蚀性的有效途径,这是因为晶粒大小与晶界有关,细晶粒材料晶界相子的体积百分数比粗晶粒大得
Materials Science enables modern scientists to analyze inclusions, looseness, cracks, cracks and cracks in modern materials through advanced analytical and experimental tools such as Auger spectroscopy, SEM, EPM, Polarization microscopy, diffraction, laser, Segregation and other defects and the microstructure, interface chemistry and macroscopic strength of the relationship between performance; understanding of material failure, including fracture mechanics, oxidation, corrosion, embrittlement and abrasion process and the interface structure characteristics; so as to develop fine materials, functional materials , Superconducting materials, composite materials, new technology and new technology pointed out the direction of development. Grain refinement is to improve the material toughness, corrosion resistance of the effective way, this is because the grain size and grain boundaries, the grain size of the fine grain material phase grain size larger than the coarse grain