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我省小麦年种植面积3,000余万亩,总产80～90亿斤,占全省粮食总产量的四分之一左右。小麦收成的好坏,直接影响全省粮食生产形势。种植小麦技术要求较高,尤其是在麦收季节,如不注意掌握收获时期和方法,将会造成大量田间损失。麦收过早,影响子粒灌浆,大幅度降低粒重;麦收过晚,因种子呼吸消耗,粒重降低。尤其遇雨种子反复膨胀,子粒内贮存物质产生变化,明显降低粒重和种子质量。严重时发生穗发芽,丧失种子利用价值和降低商品粮质量。因此,根据小麦的成熟度和天气情况、生产条件确定适宜的收获时间和方法,对稳定增加我省粮食总产量有十分重要的意义。
In our province, the annual planting area of wheat is more than 3,000 mu, with a total output of 8 to 9 billion kilograms, accounting for about one quarter of the total grain output in the province. The quality of wheat harvest, a direct impact on the province’s food production situation. High technology requirements for planting wheat, especially in the wheat harvest season, if not pay attention to grasp the harvest time and methods, will result in a large number of field losses. Wheat received too early, affecting the grain filling, grain weight reduced significantly; wheat received too late, due to the consumption of seed respiration, grain weight decreased. In particular, repeated rain in the expansion of seeds, seeds within the storage material changes, significantly reduce grain weight and seed quality. Spikes germinate in severe cases, loss of seed utilization and reduce the quality of commercial products. Therefore, according to the wheat maturity and weather conditions, production conditions to determine the appropriate harvest time and methods for the steady increase in the province’s total grain output is of great significance.