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药物遗传学是由药物学、遗传学和生物化学等各学科互相渗透、交叉而产生的边缘学科。1957年Mostulsky提出药物遗传学概念,1959年Vogel正式提出这一术语,迄今仅有20年左右的历史。起初,它仅涉及药物不良反应的遗传性疾病;随后扩大到药物效应与不良反应的个体差异性以及环境对药物代谢影响的遗传控制。又发现有些遗传性疾病因应用某些药物后引起病情加剧;其它如药物交互作用的遗传学,药物的诱变致癌,致畸的生物学机理与遗传关系等问题,这些均已成为重要的研究课题。因此,认识药物遗传学对临床上防止或减少药物不良反应有重要意义。
Pharmacogenetics is an interdisciplinary discipline which is composed of various disciplines such as pharmacy, genetics and biochemistry. 1957 Mostulsky put forward the concept of drug genetics, Vogel formally proposed in 1959 the term, so far only about 20 years of history. Initially, it involved only genetic disorders of adverse drug reactions; then it was extended to individual differences in drug effects and adverse reactions as well as the genetic control of the effects of the environment on drug metabolism. Also found that some genetic diseases caused by the application of certain drugs exacerbated; other such as drug interactions in genetics, drug induced mutagenesis carcinogenic, teratogenic biological mechanisms and genetic relationships, which have become important research Question. Therefore, understanding of pharmacogenetics is of great importance to prevent or reduce adverse drug reactions clinically.