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粮食问题主要取决于一年生谷类作物产量。作物产量低而不稳的原因主要是病虫害及各种胁迫生境 ,其中干旱缺水为最大的产量限制因素。提高作物生产力的途径有二 :其一是改善作物的生长环境 ,其二是通过育种手段选育在各种胁迫环境中具有优良表现的基因型(品种 )。矮秆化育种手段使水肥充裕区小麦产量有显著的提高 ,是通过提高收获指数获得的。干旱、半干旱地区育种却未能获得显著效果 ,要提高干旱、半干旱地区小麦育种的成效 ,对干旱、半干旱地区植物的适应进化、抗旱性及产量关系问题的认识尚有待进一步地提高
The food issue depends mainly on the annual cereal crop production. The reasons for the low and unstable crop yield are mainly pests and diseases and various stress habitats, of which drought and water shortage are the biggest yield limiting factors. There are two ways to improve crop productivity: one is to improve crop growth environment and the other is to breed genotypes (breeds) that have excellent performance in various stress environments by breeding methods. The dwarfing breeding means that wheat yield in ample areas for water and fertilizer increase significantly, which is obtained by increasing the harvest index. Arid and semi-arid areas have failed to achieve significant results in breeding. To improve the effectiveness of wheat breeding in arid and semi-arid areas, the understanding of the adaptive evolution, drought tolerance and yield relationships of arid and semi-arid areas remains to be further improved