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一、关于铁路经营体制问题 随着市场经济在中国的发展,中国铁路运能与运量不适应的局面已暂让位于供给与需求的不适应,突出表现是高附加值货物等纷纷离开铁路,寻求其它快捷、准时的交通运输方式,使铁路交通份额总体上呈下滑态势,究其原因:一是政企不分管理体制上的问题;二是大而全、市场主体不明确等经营机制上的问题;三是工程、工业、物资等非运输企业机构调整、企业重组上的问题;四是职工养老、保险、医疗、经济等社会保障制度上的问题;五是企业公有制形式多样化方面的问题。 铁路的经营体制调整要加快面向市场改革的步伐,主要内容有: 1.实行政企分开,全面推行公司化改革试点,建立产权明晰的现代化企业制度,明确铁路局为市场经营主体,落实资产经营责任制。 2.逐步且有力地削弱计划经济时期延续下
I. Issues Concerning Railway Management System With the development of the market economy in China, the situation that the incompatibility of China’s rail transport capacity and transport volume has been temporarily reserved for supply and demand. The outstanding performance is that high value-added goods have left the railway , Seek other fast, on-time mode of transport, the railway traffic share in general decline, the reason: First, regardless of the management system of government and enterprises; second is big and the market is not clear and other operating mechanisms Third, the restructuring of non-transport enterprises such as engineering, industry and materials as well as the restructuring of enterprises; Fourth, problems of social security systems such as pension for the aged, insurance, medical treatment and economy; Fifth, the diversification of the forms of public ownership of enterprises The problem. The adjustment of the operating system of the railway should speed up the pace of market-oriented reforms. The main contents are as follows: 1. The government and enterprises should be separated from each other and the pilot reform of the company should be implemented in an all-round way. A modern enterprise system should be set up with clear property rights, clarified that Railway Administration should be the main body of the market, Responsibility system. 2. Gradually and forcefully weakened the continuation of the planned economy