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目的描述禁用含铅汽油后中国儿童血铅水平及其变化趋势。方法通过计算机检索中国生物医学文献数据库和中国全文期刊数据库及相关文献追溯等途径,收集国内1994—2008年公开发表的儿童血铅水平研究的论文,选取标准如下:(1)选用原子吸收分光光度法(石墨炉及其它原子吸收分光光度法)或者电感耦合等离子体质谱法;(2)有严格的质量控制;(3)样本量大于100人;(4)儿童年龄为0～14岁;(5)被调查儿童居住地无明显铅污染,最终有93篇文献入选。同时按同样的标准选取居住在农村地区的儿童血铅文献27篇,按标准(1)～(4)选取居住在工业区的儿童血铅文献19篇。并将入选的全国儿童血铅文献按照调查时间分为4类:(1)禁用含铅汽油前;(2)禁用含铅汽油后第一阶段(2002年之前);(3)禁用后第二阶段(2003—2005年);(4)禁用后第三阶段(2006—2008年)。结果禁用含铅汽油前全国儿童血铅平均值为98.21μg/L,铅中毒率为37.34%;禁用含铅汽油后三阶段的血铅均值分别为85.02、83.63、61.82μg/L,铅中毒率分别是27.68%,25.97%,10.90%。禁用含铅汽油前农村儿童血铅均值为87.53μg/L,铅中毒率为28.40%;禁用后分别为72.23μg/L,17.85%;禁用含铅汽油前工业区儿童血铅均值为110.76μg/L,禁用后下降为106.77μg/L。结论禁用含铅汽油后,全国儿童和农村儿童血铅水平明显下降,工业区略有下降,但依然高于发达国家,提示在我国控制铅污染,减少儿童铅暴露仍任重而道远。
Objective To describe the blood lead level and its changing trend in Chinese children after banning leaded petrol. Methods A computer-based online search of China Biomedical Literature Database, China Full-text Journal Database and relevant literature retrospectives was conducted to collect papers on published blood lead levels in children from 1994 to 2008 in China. The selection criteria are as follows: (1) The atomic absorption spectrophotometry (Graphite furnace and other atomic absorption spectrophotometry) or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; (2) stringent quality control; (3) sample size greater than 100; (4) children aged 0-14; 5) There was no obvious lead pollution in the places where children were investigated, and finally 93 articles were selected. In the meantime, 27 blood lead samples from children living in rural areas were selected according to the same criteria, and 19 blood lead samples from children living in industrial zones were selected according to criteria (1) ~ (4). The selected national children’s blood lead data were divided into four categories according to the survey time: (1) before the banning of leaded gasoline; (2) the first phase after the banning of leaded gasoline (before 2002); (3) the second after banning Stage (2003-2005); (4) post-banning phase III (2006-2008). Results Before the leaded gasoline was banned, the average blood lead level was 98.21 μg / L and the lead poisoning rate was 37.34%. The mean blood lead levels were 85.02, 83.63 and 61.82 μg / L after the banning of leaded gasoline, and the lead poisoning rate Respectively, 27.68%, 25.97%, 10.90%. The mean blood lead level was 87.53μg / L in rural children before the banning of leaded gasoline, and the lead poisoning rate was 28.40%; 72.23μg / L and 17.85% after banned respectively. The average blood lead level was 110.76μg / L, decreased to 106.77μg / L after being banned. Conclusion After the banning of leaded gasoline, the level of blood lead in children and rural children in the whole country dropped obviously, the industrial area decreased slightly but still higher than that in developed countries, suggesting that it is still a long way to go to control lead pollution and reduce lead exposure in our country.