论文部分内容阅读
本文利用四川省测土配方施肥项目调查资料,分析了四川省主要作物的施肥用量、施肥效率及作物产量等现状。研究结果表明:(1)四川省不同作物的肥料用量与肥料效率存在较大差异,水稻化肥纯养分288.0 kg hm-2,有机肥实物施用量为8265.0kg hm-2,单季产量7665.0 kg hm-2,肥料效率PFP值为26.6;小麦化肥纯养分261.0 kg hm-2,有机肥实物施用量为7788.0 kg hm-2,单季产量4320.0 kg hm-2,肥料效率PFP值为16.6;玉米化肥纯养分304.5 kg hm-2,有机肥实物施用量为11490.0 kg hm-2,单季产量5850.0 kg hm-2,肥料效率PFP值为19.2;油菜化肥纯养分253.5 kg hm-2,有机肥实物施用量为7873.5 kg hm-2,单季产量2445.0 kg hm-2,肥料效率PFP值为9.6。(2)同一作物在不同区域与不同种植制度条件下的肥料用量与肥料效益也存在较大差异。(3)四川省主要作物施肥存在肥料用量区域性失衡、肥料结构不合理等问题,应加强宏观调控,实施合理的化肥资源区域布局并推广测土配方施肥,优化肥料结构,提高作物产量,提高肥料效率。
Based on the survey data of soil testing and fertilization project in Sichuan Province, this paper analyzed the present situation of fertilization rate, fertilizer efficiency and crop yield of main crops in Sichuan Province. The results showed that: (1) There was a big difference in fertilizers and fertilizer efficiency among different crops in Sichuan Province. The pure nutrients of rice chemical fertilizers were 288.0 kg hm-2, that of organic manure was 8265.0 kg hm-2 and that of single-crop 7665.0 kg hm -2, the PFP value of fertilizer efficiency was 26.6; the pure nutrient of wheat was 261.0 kg hm-2; the actual application of organic fertilizer was 7788.0 kg hm-2; the single-crop yield was 4320.0 kg hm-2; the PFP value of fertilizer efficiency was 16.6; Pure nutrients 304.5 kg hm-2, organic fertilizer application rate of 11490.0 kg hm-2, single-crop yield 5850.0 kg hm-2, fertilizer efficiency PFP value of 19.2; rapeseed pure nutrients 253.5 kg hm-2, The dosage was 7873.5 kg hm-2, single-crop 2445.0 kg hm-2 and fertilizer efficiency PFP 9.6. (2) The same crops in different regions and different planting conditions under the conditions of fertilizer dosage and fertilizer benefits are also quite different. (3) The main crop fertilization in Sichuan Province has regional imbalanced amount of fertilizer and irrational structure of fertilizers. Macro-control should be strengthened to implement rational distribution of fertilizers resources and promote soil testing and fertilizer application, to optimize the structure of fertilizers, increase crop yield and increase Fertilizer efficiency.