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一、明清之际“改土归流”的基本原则 土司制度作为中国历史上在少数民族地区的一种政权形式,自元代正式确立以来,“对加强中央与地方的联系,维护祖国统一,促进大一统多民族国家的发展,有不可低估的重要意义”(方国瑜:《云南地方史导论》)。但随着少数民族地区政治、经济、文化发展,土司制度的落后性和消极作用日趋突出,加之周邻发达地区的影响,“改土设流”也就必然成
First, the basic principle of “reforming the civilians” during the Ming and Qing Dynasties As a form of political power in the history of ethnic minorities in China, since the official establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, the Tusi system “has the power to strengthen the ties between the central and local governments and safeguard the unification of the motherland And promoting the development of a unified multi-ethnic country can not be underestimated ”(Fang Guoyu: An Introduction to Yunnan Local History). However, with the political, economic and cultural development in minority areas, the backwardness and negative effects of toast systems have become increasingly prominent. Coupled with the influence of the neighboring developed areas,