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气道压力释放通气是一种兼具理论风险和效益的通气模式，常作为急性呼吸窘迫综合征和低氧血症患者的抢救或替代模式。因其具有保护性肺复张、保留自主呼吸、维持血流动力学稳定性、减少镇静及神经肌肉阻滞药物剂量、降低驱动压、增加平均气道压及降低呼吸机相关性肺损伤等诸多优点，越来越受到临床医师及研究者的关注。但不少学者对其有效性存在争议。本文就气道压力释放通气在急性呼吸窘迫综合征治疗中的最新研究进展作一综述。“,”Airway pressure release ventilation is a mode of ventilation with theoretical risk and benefit and is most commonly used as a rescue or alternative mode for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and hypoxemia.Clinicians and researchers are paying more and more attentions because of its many advantages, such as protective lung retention, retention of spontaneous breathing, maintenance of hemodynamic stability, reduction of sedative and neuromuscular drug dose, reduction of driving pressure, increase of mean airway pressure, and reduction of ventilator-induced lung injury.However, many scholars have some disputes about its effectiveness.This article reviews the progress of airway pressure release ventilation in the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome.