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罗伯特·唐古拉斯(Robert K.Douglas,1838—1913)是伦敦国王学院(King’s College London)的汉学教授、大英博物馆研究员。他于1875年5月至6月间在英国皇家学院做题为“中国的文学”的演讲,从孔子言论对中国文学的影响讲到元明清的狭义中国文学,该演讲稿以“The Language and Literature of China:Two Lectures”为名出版(Trübner&Co,1875),本文是该书的第二讲,第59—134页。他又以演讲内容为基础编写《大英百科全书·语言文字卷》(1888)中的“China”(中国)词条。汉学教授、皇家学院、百科全书词条这三个因素标志着唐氏在英国汉学界的地位,同时也意味着他的言论反映了当时英国社会的主流意识形态。因而将他当时的代表性著述以译文形式介绍给国内读者,使其了解当时英国学界对汉学的态度、研习汉学背后的动因,也便于中国人从他者的视角看待本民族语言文化的精华与糟粕。
Robert K. Douglas (1838-1913) is a Sinology professor at King’s College London and a Fellow at the British Museum. From May to June 1875, he gave a lecture entitled “Chinese Literature” at the Royal College of British from the influence of Confucius on Chinese literature in the narrow sense of the Yuan, Ming and Qing Chinese literature, This book, entitled “The Language and Literature of China: Two Lectures” (Trübner & Co, 1875), is the second Lecture in the book, pp. 59-134. On the basis of his speech, he also wrote the “China” (China) entry in the Encyclopedia Britannica · Language Volume (1888). The three factors of Professor Han, Royal College and Encyclopedia of Encyclopedia indicate that Down’s status in the British Sinology also means that his remarks reflect the mainstream ideology of British society at that time. Thus his representative writings were introduced to domestic readers in the form of translations to understand the attitude of the British academics to Sinology and the motivation behind the study of Sinology, as well as to make Chinese people look at the essence of this national language and culture from the perspective of others. Dross