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光生载流子的高效分离是提升光催化反应效率的重要步骤。近年来,内电场作为提高载流子分离效率的内在驱动力而成为光催化材料研究领域的热点之一。本文综述了国内外通过内电场调控光催化性能的研究动态和主要成果。内电场不仅是电子和空穴分离的内在驱动力,而且影响半导体材料费米能级的变化及载流子浓度分布,进而调控了光催化材料导带和价带的弯曲程度及载流子迁移路径。光催化材料内电场的产生机制主要有铁电材料极化、p-n异质结/多晶结、极化表面、晶面间及非线性光学材料内电场等方式,这些方式有效地提高了光生载流子的分离效率,降低电子和空穴复合的几率,从而进一步提高其光催化性能。最后,本文对构建内电场的未来发展趋势进行了展望,并强调了利用先进物理技术并结合理论计算方法来表征内电场的分布及作用的重要性。
The efficient separation of photo-generated carriers is an important step to improve the photocatalytic efficiency. In recent years, the internal electric field has become one of the hot topics in the research field of photocatalytic materials as the intrinsic driving force to improve the carrier separation efficiency. This review summarizes the research progress and main achievements of photocatalytic properties controlled by internal electric field at home and abroad. The internal electric field is not only the intrinsic driving force for the separation of electrons and holes, but also affects the Fermi level of the semiconductor material and the concentration distribution of the carrier, thereby regulating the bending degree of the conduction band and the valence band of the photocatalytic material and carrier mobility path. The mechanism of the electric field in the photocatalytic material mainly includes the polarization of ferroelectric material, the pn heterojunction / polycrystalline junction, the polarized surface, the interfacial plane and the electric field in the non-linear optical material, etc. These modes effectively improve the photo- The separation efficiency of the electrons reduces the recombination of electrons and holes, which further improves the photocatalytic performance. Finally, the paper forecasts the future development trend of the internal electric field and emphasizes the importance of using the advanced physics and theoretical calculation methods to characterize the distribution and function of the internal electric field.