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儿童因其生理、病理特点,发生维生素B12(VB12)缺乏时其临床症状和预后不同于成人。儿童VB12缺乏典型症状临床少见,而常表现为一些非典型症状。该症的非典型血液系统改变和不可逆的神经精神改变影响儿童体格和神经系统的正常发育,故儿童VB12缺乏症逐步受到人们的重视。诊断维生素B12(VB12)缺乏症经典的方法主要依赖血液系统出现巨幼红细胞性贫血,或者依据中性粒细胞分叶过多诊断轻度VB12缺乏。近年由于实验室技术的发展出现新的诊断亚临床VB12缺乏的检测方法。该文综述了近年来儿童VB12的吸收及代谢,VB12缺乏症的病因、非典型VB12缺乏症的临床表现和诊断方面的研究进展。
Children due to their physiological and pathological features, the occurrence of vitamin B12 (VB12) lack of clinical symptoms and prognosis is different from adults. Typical symptoms of VB12 deficiency in children is clinically rare, and often manifested as some atypical symptoms. The disease atypical blood system changes and irreversible changes in neuropsychiatric affect the physical development of children and the normal development of the nervous system, so children with VB12 deficiency gradually by people’s attention. Diagnosis of Vitamin B12 (VB12) Deficiency The classic approach relies mainly on megaloblastic anemia in the blood system or mild VB12 deficiency on the basis of too much neutrophil lobulation. In recent years, due to the development of laboratory technology, a new diagnostic method for subclinical VB12 deficiency appears. This review summarizes the recent research progress on the clinical features and diagnosis of atypical VB12 deficiency in children with VB12 absorption and metabolism, the etiology of VB12 deficiency.