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正常免疫系统对自身组织抗原不产生免疫反应,但在机体免疫系统自身调节功能异常时则可出现异常的免疫反应,从而产生过量的抗体或自身致敏的淋巴细胞,并与自身的组织细胞发生免疫反应,使其遭受病理性损伤与功能障碍,即所谓自身免疫性疾病。本文分两个部分简述之:一、自身免疫性疾病发生的机理;二、由自身免疫引起的某些血液病如自身免疫性溶血性贫血,特发性血小板减少性紫癜以及自身免疫性中性粒细胞减少等。自身免疫发生的机理免疫系统为何不对自身抗原产生抗体以及为何会产生抗体破坏自身组织,关于这些问题的意见迄今尚未统一。现将最近认为比较合理的一些观点介绍于下: 一、细胞抗原性质的改变:通过物理、化学、生物以及病毒等因素可改变细胞抗原的结构,使其具有新的抗原性,并能刺激免疫系统,引起自身免疫反应,产生抗体以及破坏自
The normal immune system does not produce an immune response to its own tissue antigens, but an abnormal immune response may occur when the immune system of the immune system regulates its function abnormally, resulting in excessive antibody or self-sensitized lymphocytes, which may occur with its own tissue cells Immune response, to suffer from pathological damage and dysfunction, the so-called autoimmune diseases. This article is divided into two parts briefly: First, the mechanism of autoimmune disease; Second autoimmune caused by certain blood diseases such as autoimmune hemolytic anemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and autoimmune Neutropenia and so on. The mechanism of autoimmunity Why the immune system does not produce antibodies to their own antigens and why they produce antibodies destroy their own organizations, the views on these issues so far have not been unified. Now some of the more reasonable ideas are introduced below: First, the nature of cellular antigen changes: By physical, chemical, biological and viral and other factors can change the structure of cellular antigens, so that it has a new antigenicity, and can stimulate immunity System, elicits an autoimmune response, produces antibodies, and destroys itself