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田径运动包含的运动项目特别多,从事不同田径项目训练的青少年运动员,由于项目本身的特点以及训练手段的不同,对营养的需求也大不一样。我们必须首先了解不同项目的训练特点和供能特点,然后才能从营养补充方面作出针对性强的措施,提前预防各类容易出现的营养问题,保证运动训练的效果。短距离项目主要包括100米、200米、400米以及 110米栏和400米栏等,对于肌肉的爆发力要求很高, 同时要求较快的速度,而肌肉力量是速度的基础,因此对于短距离项目来说,增加肌肉力量和肌肉爆发力是取得好的运动成绩的关键因素。短距离项目一般运动时间比较短,以磷酸原系统和无氧糖酵解供能为主,因此提高无氧系统供能能力也是提高运动成绩的一项措施。优秀短距离运动员全年的训练包括基础训练和技术训练,包括在跑道上以及训练场上的训练,用来提高腿部速度等。当比赛季节来临时,各种跑的训练增加,主要包括更多的间歇跑和快速跑,但是技术训练和力量训练仍然要维持。现代短跑训练的主要特点是在更加注重时效性和发挥个人特点的基础上不断完善技术,以“速度”和“力量”为核心全面发展和提高身体能力,有意识地培养和形成良好的心理素质。根据短距离项目的代谢供能特点,无氧训练应在赛前训练中占有非常大的比重,如何保证无氧训练时的充沛体能及良好恢复,是摆在运动员面前的一个重要问题。根据短距离项目无氧训练时的训练特点,可以考虑应用以下几类营养品,以保证较好的训练效果。
Athletics contains a very large number of sports. Teenage athletes who train in different track and field programs have different needs for nutrition due to the characteristics of the project and the different training methods. We must first understand the training characteristics and energy supply characteristics of different projects before we can take targeted measures from the nutritional supplements to prevent various types of prone nutritional problems in advance to ensure the effectiveness of sports training. Short-range projects include 100 meters, 200 meters, 400 meters and 110 meters and 400 meters hurdles, etc., for the explosive power of the muscles demanding, while requiring faster speed, and muscle strength is the basis of speed, so for a short distance For the project, increasing muscle strength and muscle power is a key factor in achieving good athletic performance. Short-term project general exercise time is short, the original system of phosphate and anaerobic glycolysis for energy-based, so to improve the capacity of anaerobic system is also a measure to improve performance. Excellent short-distance athletes throughout the year training, including basic training and technical training, including training on the runway and the training ground, used to improve the leg speed. When the season approached, various types of running training increased, mainly including more intermittent running and quick running, but technical training and strength training still remained. The main characteristic of modern sprint training is to improve technology on the basis of paying more attention to timeliness and personal characteristics, comprehensively develop and improve physical ability with “speed” and “strength” as the core, cultivate and form well consciously The psychological quality. According to the metabolic energy supply characteristics of short-distance projects, anaerobic training should occupy a very large proportion in pre-competition training. How to ensure adequate physical fitness and good recovery during anaerobic training is an important issue before athletes. According to the training characteristics of short-distance project anaerobic training, you can consider the application of the following types of nutrition to ensure a better training effect.