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通过油稻轮作田间试验,研究了等养分条件下4种施肥处理对作物产量、地表径流N、P流失浓度和流失量及其对环境的影响。试验设4个处理,即:化肥(CF)、化肥+低量有机肥(OC1)、化肥+中量有机肥(OC2)、化肥+高量有机肥(OC3)。结果表明,与单施化肥相比,有机无机肥配施处理在满足作物养分需求,保持相对较高的产量水平基础上,能显著或明显减少农田径流水铵态N、硝态N和全P的流失浓度和流失量,尤以中、高量有机肥处理效果最显著;各处理径流液全N浓度范围在0.60～27.89mg/L,总P浓度范围在0.059～0.353mg/L,均大于富营养化水体标准,污染周边水环境;N流失指数明显高于P,且硝态N是N流失的主要形式;中高量有机肥与化肥配合施用能够保证作物产量,并能有效降低N、P的径流流失,为适宜该地区油稻轮作的合理施肥制度。
Through field trials of paddy rice rotation, the effects of four kinds of fertilization treatments on crop yield, runoff N and P loss concentration and loss and their effects on environment were studied. The experiment includes four treatments: chemical fertilizer (CF), chemical fertilizer + low amount organic fertilizer (OC1), chemical fertilizer + medium organic fertilizer (OC2), chemical fertilizer + high amount of organic fertilizer (OC3). The results showed that compared with the single application of chemical fertilizers, organic and inorganic fertilizers could significantly or significantly reduce ammonium nitrogen, nitrate N and total P in farmland runoff on the basis of meeting the nutrient requirements of crops and maintaining a relatively high yield level The concentration and loss of organic fertilizer in medium and high concentrations were the most significant. The concentrations of total N in runoff solution ranged from 0.60 to 27.89 mg / L and the total P concentrations ranged from 0.059 to 0.353 mg / L, Eutrophic water standard, polluting the surrounding water environment; N loss index was significantly higher than P, and nitrate N is the main form of N loss; medium and high levels of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer to ensure crop yield, and can effectively reduce the N, P Runoff loss for the region suitable for rotation of rice fertilization system.