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目的通过对盐城市沿海滩涂地区病媒生物种群分布、密度消长及其致病性研究,并对此期间肾综合征出血热(HFRS)、恙虫病和肠道传染病进行时空特征分析,为沿海滩涂地区病媒生物性传染病监测预警和预防控制提供科学依据。方法收集整理盐城市沿海滩涂地区2010-2014年HFRS、恙虫病和肠道传染病疫情资料、人口学资料,于2011年4月至2013年12月对该地区病媒生物种群分布、密度消长进行监测,采用荧光定量RT-PCR和普通RT-PCR检测鼠等野外小型动物组织标本及其体表寄生虫、蚊虫与游离蜱携带病原体,利用Excel 2003、SPSS 16.0软件进行统计学分析。结果 (1)盐城市沿海滩涂地区鼠密度为3.60%,野外环境鼠密度高于镇区(居民区),并呈现冬季(1月)及夏季(5-8月)2个高峰;优势鼠种为黑线姬鼠,占捕获总数的89.19%。(2)蚊密度为0.51只/(灯·h),5-10月为密度高峰,优势蚊种为淡色库蚊,占捕获总数的88.84%。(3)蝇密度为46.57只/笼,以大头金蝇、家蝇为优势蝇种,分别占捕获总数的45.17%和25.70%。(4)蜚蠊密度为0.01只/张,侵害率为0.30%,均为德国小蠊。刺猬的染蜱指数为7.75,游离蜱密度为37.00只/布旗人工小时。2015年8月应急监测游离蜱密度为0.25只/布旗人工小时,羊、犬、刺猬及黄鼬等动物寄生蜱的染蜱指数分别为1.80、0.02、8.33和10.00,捕获蜱均为长角血蜱。黑线姬鼠体表染革螨指数为0.26,染恙螨指数为0.24。(5)2010-2014年盐城市沿海滩涂地区恙虫病及肠道传染病的发病呈间歇性逐步升高,HFRS发病呈直线上升。HFRS呈现冬季高峰,最高发病月份为12月;恙虫病呈现秋季高峰,最高发病月份为11月;肠道传染病呈现5及11月2个发病高峰。2015年东台区域首次发生2起新型布尼亚病毒引起的发热伴血小板减少综合征(SFTS)疫情,且2起病例的首发病例发病前均有在沿海滩涂相关河流垂钓和蜱叮咬的流行病学史。(6)采集鼠等野外小型动物内脏组织和血标本,仅在1份刺猬血清中检测到发热伴血小板减少综合征布尼亚病毒(SFTSV)总抗体阳性,并在捕获的游离蜱中检测到SFTSV核酸阳性,而汉坦病毒、立克次体等其他病原检测均为阴性。结论盐城市沿海滩涂地区存在鼠、蚊、蝇、蜚蠊、蜱、蚤及螨等媒介生物,具备传播病媒生物性传染病的风险。该地区HFRS、恙虫病等相关病媒生物性传染病仍在不断发生,且新发现了SFTS,应采取病媒生物监测及防制措施防控该类疾病暴发。
OBJECTIVE: To study the spatial distribution of population, densities and pathogenicity of vectors in coastal tidal flat areas in Yancheng City and analyze the spatio-temporal characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), scrub typhus and intestinal infectious diseases during this period. Provide a scientific basis for monitoring, early warning and prevention and control of vector-borne infectious diseases in beach areas. Methods The epidemic data and demography data of HFRS, tsutsugamushi disease and intestinal infectious disease in Yanbian coastal tidal zone from 2010 to 2014 were collected. From April 2011 to December 2013, population distribution and density growth of vector were studied in this area The pathogen was detected by real-time RT-PCR and real-time RT-PCR. The pathogen was detected by Excel 2003 and SPSS 16.0 software. Results (1) The density of rodent densities was 3.60% in coastal tidal flat area of Yancheng City, and the density of rodent environment was higher than that in township (residential area). There were two peaks in winter (January) and summer (May-August) Apodemus black line, accounting for 89.19% of the total captured. (2) The mosquito density was 0.51 / (lamp · h), the density peak was from May to October, and the predominant mosquito species was Culex pipiens palletii, accounting for 88.84% of the total catch. (3) The density of flies was 46.57 / cage, with the dominant flies and house flies as dominant flies, accounting for 45.17% and 25.70% of the total captured respectively. (4) The density of cockroaches was 0.01 / leaf, the infestation rate was 0.30%, all of which were German cockroaches. Hedgehog’s index of infected ticks was 7.75 and free ticks were 37.00 / man-hours. In August 2015, the ticks of free ticks for emergency monitoring were 0.25 / man-hours. The index of ticks for parasitism was 1.80, 0.02, 8.33 and 10.00 for sheep, dogs, hedgehogs and weasels, respectively. tick. Apodemus agrarian body surface leather mite index was 0.26, chigger mite index was 0.24. (5) The incidence of tsutsugamushi disease and intestinal infectious disease in coastal tidal flat areas in Yancheng City increased intermittently from 2010 to 2014, and the incidence of HFRS increased linearly. HFRS showed a winter peak, the highest incidence of December was December; tsutsugamushi disease showed the autumn peak, the highest incidence of months in November; intestinal infectious disease showed 5 and 2 in November the peak incidence. In 2015, the epidemic situation of fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) caused by two new Bunia viruses occurred for the first time in the Dongtai region. Epidemiology of river fishing and tick bites in coastal tidal flats occurred before the onset of the first two cases history. (6) The visceral tissues and blood samples of wild small animals such as rats were collected, and the total antibody of fever and thrombocytopenia syndrome Bunyavirus (SFTSV) was detected in only one hedgehog serum and detected in the captured free ticks SFTSV nucleic acid was positive, while other pathogens such as Hantavirus and Rickettsia were negative. Conclusion There are many vector organisms such as rats, mosquitoes, flies, cockroaches, ticks, fleas and mites in the coastal beach area of Yancheng City, which have the risk of transmitting vector infectious diseases. Relevant vector borne diseases such as HFRS, tsutsugamushi disease and other related diseases are still occurring in this area, SFTS is newly discovered, vector monitoring and control measures should be taken to prevent and control such outbreaks.