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南朝鲜经济的飞速发展举世瞩目,但其经济在高速增长的同时,通货膨胀亦十分严重,1962～1981年,批发物价平均上涨15.7%,消费品物价平均上涨15.5%。从总体上说,采取高速增长发展战略所导致的货币超经济发行是造成南朝鲜长期通货膨胀的主要原因。以往几十年南朝鲜经济虽然获得了惊人的发展,但高通货膨胀的局面至四十年代中期开始一直持续了30多年,直到1981年才基本上得到控制,实现了低通货膨胀的经济快速增长。南朝鲜的通货膨胀在不同历史时期特点各异,大体可分为“物资短缺型通货膨胀”,“经济结构失衡型通货膨胀”,“黑字型通货膨胀”三种类型。本文将重点探讨前二种通货膨胀的原因,以及南朝鲜当局为此所采取的政策措施和效果,从而实现低通货膨胀的经济快速增长等问题,以便对我国的经济发展有所借鉴。一、物资短缺型通货膨胀(1945～1961年)物资短缺型通货膨胀主要指贫困国家或地区在物资严重不足时出现的一种通货膨胀。就
The rapid economic development in South Korea has drawn worldwide attention. However, its economy is growing at a rapid rate and inflation is also very serious. From 1962 to 1981, wholesale prices rose 15.7% on average, while consumer prices rose 15.5% on average. In general, the super-economic issue of currency resulting from the strategy of rapid growth is the main reason for the long-term inflation in south Korea. Although the economy of South Korea has witnessed phenomenal growth over the past few decades, the situation of high inflation continued for more than 30 years from the mid-1940s until it was basically brought under control in 1981, achieving a rapid economic growth with low inflation . Inflation in South Korea has different characteristics in different historical periods and can be divided into three types: “shortage of materials inflation”, “unbalanced economic structure” and “black-type inflation”. This article will focus on the causes of the first two kinds of inflation, as well as the policy measures and effects adopted by the south Korean authorities for this purpose, so as to realize the rapid economic growth with low inflation and so on, in order to draw lessons from China’s economic development. I. Shortage-type inflation (1945-1961) Shortage-type inflation refers mainly to poor countries or regions in a serious shortage of supplies when there is a kind of inflation. on