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现在看来,P53基因突变是人类癌症最常见的基因改变。最近美国两个研究组分别在研究来自南非和中国的肝癌标本时,同时发现几乎每个病人P53突变均位于249号密码子,在肿瘤发现这样高度频发的基因突变热点还是首次。本文对此进行讨论。正常P53基因被认为是抗癌基因,参与细胞S期的调控过程。已发现半数以上乳癌、肺癌、结肠癌和膀胱癌存在P53突变,分布于5～10号外显子的30多个不同密码子,但只有其中一些特定位点(如12、
It now appears that P53 mutations are the most common genetic alterations in human cancers. Recently, when studying the liver cancer specimens from South Africa and China, respectively, two research groups in the United States also found that in almost every patient, the P53 mutation was located at codon 249. For the first time, such a highly frequent hot spot was found in tumors. This article discusses this. The normal P53 gene is considered as an anti-oncogene involved in the regulation of cell S phase. More than half of breast cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer and bladder cancer have been found to have P53 mutations that span more than 30 different codons on exons 5 to 10 but only some of these specific sites (eg,