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目的了解专科院校自考本科的学生焦虑及影响因素的状况。方法应用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、大五人格问卷(FFI)和社会支持量表(SSRS),对专科院校中101名在读学生同时又是自考本科的学生进行问卷调查,然后对其进行t检验、方差分析和回归分析。结果①专科院校自考本科生的焦虑情绪明显高于全国常模水平(t=17.81,P<0.01);女性、城市及独生子女的自考生焦虑情绪明显高于男性、农村及非独生子女(t=3.621,2.798,3.538;P<0.01);②不同的家庭教养模式及不同的年级对自考生的焦虑有显著影响(F=22.754,17.024;P<0.01),进一步进行多重比较表明,处于民主型家庭模式及大二的自考生的焦虑水平显著低于其他两组;③焦虑情绪与神经性、随和性、尽责性、客观支持、主观支持及支持总分存在显著相关(r=0.727,-0.238,-0.283,-0.481,-0.424,-0.552),与外倾性、开放性及对支持利用度无显著性相关(r=0.139,0.112,-0.174);④家庭教养方式、是否独生子女、神经性、开放性、支持总分进入回归方程中(t=-2.835,-2.474,7.474,-2.106,3.468;P<0.05),并且调整的判定系数R2为0.67,说明这几个因子可以有效地预测焦虑情绪。结论专科院校自考本科的学生的焦虑情绪较高,其中女生、独生子女、城市的自考生及专制型、放纵型家庭和大一、大三学生的焦虑情绪较高,是应该关注的人群;同时大五人格及社会支持部分因子有助于发现预测焦虑情绪的存在。
Objective To understand the status of students’ anxiety and influencing factors in self-study undergraduate. Methods Using SAS, FFI and SSRS, a questionnaire survey was conducted on 101 undergraduate and undergraduate students who were undergraduates in colleges and universities. T test, analysis of variance and regression analysis. Results ① The anxiety of undergraduates in self-study undergraduates was significantly higher than that of national norms (t = 17.81, P <0.01). The self-reported anxiety of women, urban and only children was significantly higher than that of male, rural and non-only children t = 3.621,2.798,3.538; P <0.01). ②Family parenting patterns and different grades had significant effects on self-reported anxiety (F = 22.754,17.024; P <0.01) The levels of anxiety in the democratic family model and the sophomores were significantly lower than those in the other two groups. (3) There was a significant correlation between anxiety and neurological, easygoing, responsible, objective, subjective and supportive scores (r = 0.727, -0.238, -0.283, -0.481, -0.424, -0.552). There was no significant correlation between extraversion and openness and utilization of support (r = 0.139, 0.112, -0.174) (T = -2.835, -2.474, 7.474, -2.106, 3.468; P <0.05), and the adjusted coefficient of determination R2 was 0.67, indicating that these factors Anxiety can be predicted effectively. Conclusions The undergraduates with self-study undergraduates in colleges and universities have higher anxiety. Among them, girls, only children, urban self-examinees, autistic families, indulgent families and freshmen and juniors have higher anxiety and should be concerned about. At the same time, the Big Five personality and some social support factors help to find out the existence of the predicted anxiety.