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在美国空军(USAF)——国家航宇局(NASA)共同制定的规划中,Lewis研究中心正在进行电子对抗行波管效率的改进工作,它是通过采用多级降压收集极(MDC)以及在该中心所探索的对耗能电子注的再聚焦技术来实现的。在本规划的分析阶段,计算了整个行波管的三维电子注轨迹。轨迹计算一直到耗能电子注的再聚焦区和降压收集极。对收集极效率、收集极损耗和管子总效率进行了验证和计算。在实验工作方面,首先对不用多级降压收集极的管子性能进行估测,然后对耗能电子注的对称性、圆度和速度离散作了分析。最后,装上了多级降压收集极,使其性能最佳并进行了估测。对于理想的行波管,三维理论表明:具有对称、圆型并有最佳再聚焦电子注的2级多极降压收集极在中心频带有81％的效率(多级降压收集极),而4级多级降压收集极有85％的效率。实验结果所获得的数据表明:一个倍频程带宽——(4.8～9.6)千兆赫、功率为330～550瓦行波管的2级和4级降压收集极的最小多级降压收集极效率分别为81％和83％。
In a joint plan developed by the U.S. Air Force (USAF) and NASA, the Lewis Research Center is working to improve the efficiency of the electronic warfare-wave tube by using multi-stage step-down collectors (MDCs) and The refocusing technique explored at the Center for energy-consuming electronics was implemented. In the planning phase of the project, the three-dimensional electron injection trajectory of the entire traveling wave tube was calculated. The trajectory is calculated up to the refocusing zone and buck collector of the energy-consuming electron. The collector efficiency, collector loss and total tube efficiency were verified and calculated. In experimental work, firstly, the tube performance without multi-stage step-down collector was estimated, and then the symmetry, circularity and velocity dispersion of the energy-consuming electron injection were analyzed. Finally, a multi-stage buck collector was installed to optimize performance and estimate. For an ideal traveling-wave tube, the 3D theory shows that a 2-stage multipole buck collector with symmetrical, circular and best refocused electron injection has an efficiency of 81% (multi-stage buck collector) in the center frequency band, And 4 multi-stage buck collection 85% efficiency. Data obtained from the experimental results show that the minimum multistage buck collector of an octave band- (4.8-9.6) gigahertz, 330-550 W traveling-wave tube, 2-stage and 4-stage buck collectors Efficiency is 81% and 83% respectively.