Biomimic organ architectures and functions by assembling organoid models

• 作 者: Rongkang Huang Luoran Shang Yuanjin Zhao
• 机 构: Department of Colorectal Surgery and Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseas
• 出 处: 科学通报（英文版）
• 发表日期: 2021年9期

An artificial organ is a synthetic device implanted into the living body as a substitute for a diseased organ.It is a long-term dream toward prolonging life by restoring or augmenting the functions of actual organs.The artificial organ has been attracting increasing attention in a variety of fields, such as tissue engineering, drug discovery, precision medicine, etc.[1].Over the past few decades,extensive efforts have been made from both biological and engineering aspects.On one hand, advances in stem cell biology have largely improved the understanding of cell differentiation and tissue generation [2,3].On the other hand, the rapid development of biomaterials and biomanufacturing technologies enables creation of artificial tissue or organ models in vitro [4].Besides, improvement of immune tolerance makes artificial organs possible to be transplanted into or integrated with the living body and ultimately offers novel therapeutic modalities.Especially, the rise of organoids has innovated the creation of artificial organs.Generally,organoids refer to three dimensional (3D) organotypic cultures derived from stem cells or primary tissues that mimic actual organs [1].It is a giant leap forward from the traditional 2D cultures owing to a closer relevance to the physiological environments.Thus the development of organoid represents a major breakthrough and reveals a new chapter toward the creation of artificial organs.