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为了提高多通道图像显示技术驾驶模拟器三维虚拟图像成像的逼真性,针对驾驶模拟器三维虚拟图像中物体的空间尺寸与驾驶人的视觉特性,对驾驶模拟器图像标定方法进行了研究。采用相似三角形原理,以几何相似关系进行数学推导,得出驾驶模拟器三维虚拟图像成像理论值。设计驾驶模拟器三维虚拟图像标定样板,标定样板以设定半径的圆面为核心,圆心设置为驾驶人双眼视点位置,圆弧面上设置6根直立标杆,圆面上设置3个符合中国国家标准的道路交通标志牌,利用驾驶模拟器虚拟成像软件将标定样板制成三维虚拟图像并投射到驾驶模拟器投影屏幕上。通过实际测量驾驶模拟器投影屏幕上的标杆间距、标杆长度、标杆底部到地面距离、驾驶人能够看清交通标志牌的距离,对比分析实际测量数值与理论值的差异,调整驾驶模拟器投影视点、投影仪缩放比例、视屏距离等参数以及驾驶模拟器成像硬件设备,完成对驾驶模拟器三维虚拟图像物体空间尺寸的标定。研究结果表明:驾驶模拟器通过该方法标定后,驾驶人在驾驶舱中看到的虚拟图像物体的尺寸大小(水平和垂直方向)与在现实中同样条件下看到的基本一致,对虚拟图像的视认距离也与现实中的视距基本一致,增加了虚拟场景的真实感和认知感。
In order to improve the realism of 3D virtual image imaging of driving simulator with multi-channel image display technology, aiming at the space size of driver and the visual characteristics of driver in 3D simulator, the method of image calibration of driving simulator is studied. By using the principle of similar triangles, the geometric derivation is used to deduce the three-dimensional virtual image theory of driving simulator. Designing a driving simulator 3D virtual image calibration model, the calibration model is centered on a circular surface with a set radius, the center of the circle is set as a driver’s binocular view point position, six upright poles are set on the circular arc surface, Standard road traffic signs, the use of virtual simulator virtual imaging software will be calibrated template made of three-dimensional virtual images and projected onto the driving simulator projection screen. The driver can see the distance of the traffic signs by comparing the distance between the pole, the length of the pole and the distance from the bottom of the pole to the ground on the projection screen of the driving simulator. The difference between the actual measured value and the theoretical value is compared and analyzed, and the driving simulator projection viewpoint , Projector scaling, screen distance and other parameters as well as driving simulator imaging hardware devices to complete the driving simulator 3D virtual image object space size calibration. The results show that the size (horizontal and vertical) of the virtual image object seen by the driver in the cockpit is basically the same as that observed under the same conditions in real life after the driving simulator is calibrated by this method. The virtual image The visual recognition distance is also basically the same as the actual visual distance, which increases the sense of reality and perception of the virtual scene.