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肺气肿是指呼吸细支气管远端的末梢肺组织因残气量增多而呈持久性扩张,并伴有肺泡间隔破坏,以致肺组织弹性减弱,容积增大的一种病理状态。发病机制目前尚不完全清楚,一般认为与支气管阻塞以及蛋白酶与抗蛋白酶失衡有关。吸烟、感染和大气污染等引起支气管炎症,致使管腔狭窄或阻塞。血清中α1-抗胰蛋白酶缺乏时,肺组织容易受到各种蛋白分解酶的破坏,更易发生肺气肿。此外,肺气肿还与遗传因素有关。
Emphysema refers to the distal bronchial respiratory bronchial distal lung tissue due to an increase in residual volume and was persistent expansion, accompanied by damage to the alveolar septum, resulting in lung tissue elasticity weakened, a volume increased pathological state. The pathogenesis is not yet fully understood, generally believed that with bronchial obstruction and protease and anti-protease imbalance. Smoking, infection and air pollution caused by bronchial inflammation, resulting in stenosis or obstruction. Serum α1-antitrypsin deficiency, the lung tissue vulnerable to a variety of proteolytic enzymes destruction, more prone to emphysema. In addition, emphysema is also associated with genetic factors.