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芬太尼是阿片受体激动剂,为强效麻醉镇痛药,是临床最常使用的麻醉镇痛药之一。目前上市的3种芬太尼缓释制剂包括芬太尼透皮贴剂、芬太尼口腔黏膜贴片和芬太尼口颊含片。这3种制剂仅用于对阿片耐受和其他止痛药无法有效控制的慢性疼痛患者;但不能用于治疗突发、偶发、轻度疼痛以及术后疼痛。医生不适当处方或患者不正确使用这些制剂,可能引致死亡和危及生命的不良反应。因过量而出现的症状有呼吸困难、心率减慢、重度嗜睡、行走或语言困难、晕厥、头晕、以及意识模糊。由于芬太尼同一剂量的不同制剂作用强度不同,因此相互之间不能直接替代,必要时需要经过剂量换算。
Fentanyl, an opiate receptor agonist, is a potent narcotic analgesic and is one of the most commonly used narcotic analgesics in the clinic. Three currently available fentanyl sustained release formulations include fentanyl transdermal patches, fentanyl oral mucosal patches and fentanyl buccal patches. These three formulations are intended only for patients with chronic pain who are refractory to opiate and other pain killers; however, they can not be used to treat sudden, occasional, mild pain and postoperative pain. Improper prescriptions by doctors or incorrect use of these agents by patients can cause death and life-threatening adverse reactions. Symptoms of overdose include dyspnea, slow heart rate, severe drowsiness, difficulty walking or speaking, syncope, dizziness, and confusion. Due to the different doses of fentanyl in different dosage forms, they can not be directly replaced with each other, and dose conversion is necessary when necessary.