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五四时期具有中学以上文化程度的人构成当时的知识阶层。从社会现代化的视野研究这一阶层的人数和地域行业分布,可以为五四时期以至中国近现代社会史和文化史研究提供材料。五四时期的知识阶层包括曾在科举制度下受过旧教育的人、在各类新式学校中接受过教育的人、归国留学人员、高等学校专门学校和中学在读生,总数在140～150万之间,占全国人口的0.3～0.4%。京津(包括国立、京师、京兆、直隶)、江浙、中南(包括湖北、湖南、广东)三地区人数即达75万。大多分布在教育界、政界、军界、农工商实业界,小部分人从事新闻、出版,或是自由职业者和革命者。
During the May 4th Movement, those with a secondary or higher education level constituted the then intellectual class. Studying the number of people in this class and the distribution of geographical industries from the perspective of social modernization can provide materials for the study of social history and cultural history in the May 4th Movement period and even in modern China. The intelligentsia during the May 4th Movement included those who had been educated under the imperial examination system, those who had been educated in all kinds of new schools, returned overseas students, colleges and secondary schools, a total of 1.4 to 1.5 million Between 0.3% and 0.4% of the total population. Beijing and Tianjin (including the state, capital, Beijing trillion, Zhili), Jiangsu and Zhejiang, South Africa (including Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong) the number of three regions that reach 750,000. Mostly distributed in education, political, military, agribusiness and industry, a small number of people engaged in news, publishing, or freelance and revolutionaries.